It’s only when a catastrophe affects huge numbers that people get up and take notice. So, when earlier this year, 107 babies died in state-run hospitals within just one month in Kolkata, the nation was left shell-shocked. The Left was swift to blame the crib deaths on medical negligence in the state-run hospitals claiming that healthcare in Kolkata had deteriorated   since the Trinamool Congress had come to power.

The Mamata Banerjee government, on its part, defended the party saying that it wasn’t medical negligence that was responsible for the crib deaths but the fact that the babies “were severely underweight.” Truth being, 107 babies breathed their last at Malda Medical College and Hospital in January, while nine died in Murshidabad and 48 in B C Roy during December last without the state doing anything about it.

In an exasperatingly inhumane gesture, minister of state for health  Chandrima Bhattacharya at the same time went ballistic with her attempts to exonerate the West Bengal government of the guilt by saying “the state had witnessed a three per cent drop in child mortality,” since the Mamata government had assumed office. It only worsened the situation at a time when, just everyone knew, it was a blatant lie!

That was then and only recently, news of a whopping number of neonatal deaths occurred at Srinagar’s G.B Pant Children’s Hospital in a shocking repeat.  Reportedly, more than 400 children died in the hospital since the beginning of this year.

Jammu and Kashmir Minister for Medical Education R S Chib’s ordering a high-level inquiry into the causes of deaths didn’t dilute the fact that 895 infant deaths occurred in the same hospital last year. Apparently, there were a series of problems the hospital faced. Plagued with an infrastructural crunch, more infant patients than they could handle and more, a disaster was waiting to happen.

The dearth in ventilators, shortage in medical supplies and life-saving drugs or an equipment crisis is caused by governmental apathy and stark negligence towards patients, it is felt.

A Right to Information application brought the issue to light in Mumbai, particularly with regard to infant deaths ‘due to hospital infections.’ The information revealed that in the BMC-run KEM Hospital, where more than 7,000 deliveries occur annually, a whopping over 11 per cent of neonatal deaths in ICU in the last two years were caused by nosocomial or hospital-acquired, infections (HAIs).

In the paediatric age-group overall, 19 per cent of deaths were due to HAIs. The top five causes of infant deaths include hospital acquired infections, the authorities concede.

Filed by Delhi-based activist Rahul Verma of Uday Foundation, 68 of the 586 neonates (a newborn child) who died in the neonatal ICU (NICU) in 2009 and 2010 died of HAIs. In the paediatric ICU (PICU), 205 of the 1,099 children who died during the same period died of HAIs. Verma maintained, "Nosocomial infection at KEM Hospital seems a matter of concern when compared to public hospitals in Delhi, where infection rates are much lower."

In New Delhi's Chacha Nehru BalChikitsalaya, affiliated to the Maulana Azad Medical College, HAIs were responsible for 1.78 per cent of 3,085 NICU and PICU deaths between 2009 and 2011. The National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003 had pegged the incidence of neonatal sepsis (a blood infection that occurs infants younger than 90 days old) in India at 30 per 1,000 live births. The incidence of death was three per cent among babies delivered at the same centre and 39.7 per cent among babies referred to from other centres.

Overcrowding, exaggerated doctor-patient ratio and several other factors contribute to a higher death percentage, feel experts. The hospital's NICU treats over 3,000 newborns annually and has 10-11 per cent HAI deaths. Lack of antenatal care largely contributes to the deaths. In the absence of laws on hospital infections in India and there being very little data available with regard to hospitals in the private sector, it’s difficult to compute and compare the incidence.

There’s a whole sea of changes in practice and perception that’s overdue. A lot of hospital authorities are reserved about sharing data and, in view the lack of legislation on the issue, it’s impossible to get them to divulge details.

Hospital Acquired Infections range from those acquired at the surgical site to urinary tract infection; extent of sanitisation and hygiene exercised by the medical and para-medical faculty, the extent to which the use of invasive techniques is cut down to minimal use and more.

PIL filed to probe infant deaths, upgrade healthcare facilities

A Public Interest Litigation was filed by two social and child rights activists DrRoufMohi-ud-Din Malik  ofBanakoot, Bandipora  and TanveerHussain Khan of GopalporaMattanAnantnag through Advocate Syed Faisal Qadri in High Court of Jammu and Kashmir.

The litigation also sought the upgradation of healthcare facilities in the hospitals across the State.

The PIL expressed grave concern over the infant deaths in G B Pant Hospital. “Being conscious citizens of the State, respectable members of the society and social activist, we are joining hands to project the recent deaths of infants as a social issue of grave concern before the Court,” litigants  Rouf and Tanveer submitted .

The petitioners added that during last few months more than 350 infant have died in G B Pant Hospital. “According to newspaper reports, about 35 infant deaths have taken place in the hospital in a fortnight, indicating an average of 2 deaths per day.”

“If such reports are to be believed, then situation seems to be alarming and requires a thorough probe and investigation. We believe that all such deaths have taken place due to negligence of doctors and improper and inadequate infrastructure facilities in the hospital.”

“It is thus clear that negligence of doctors in protecting the precious lives of the new born babies is not only violative of constitutional guarantees, directive principles of State policy but is also against the international covenants as well”.

Through the PIL, the petitioners prayed the court direct the government to hold an inquiry into the recent deaths of infants in G B Pant Hospital.

“An inquiry team headed by a high level official should submit the report before this Court within one month.

The court should also direct government to compensate the victim families, if the inquiry committee finds it appropriate. The court should ensure that no more infant deaths take place on account of lack of infrastructural facilities or negligence of doctors or para-medical staff  or otherwise in the hospitals”.

They also prayed the High Court direct government through its Commissioner/Secretary Health and Medical Education and Medical Superintendent G.B Pant Hospital to improve infrastructural facilities in the hospitals across the State especially in G B Pant Hospital.

(Readers keen on seeking help on drafting RTI applications may write in to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or call Gajanan Khergamker on 022-22841593 for any assistance on RTI or to have their findings / issue featured on this page)

We seem to be doing something terribly wrong…and over and over again. Mumbai’s lifeline that transports thousands of commuters daily killed 36,152 persons between 2002 and Nov 2011. We’re talking an average of 3,500 persons dying every year and ten persons meeting their end on the tracks every day.

The details availed by RTI activist Chetan Kothari from the Government Railway Police revealed that people die on tracks every year in mishaps that range from falling in the gap between the train and the railway station; dashing into a pole, while crossing lines and falling down from running trains.

The number of injured for the period is 36,688.

There are a higher number of deaths caused by falls from moving trains and getting hit while crossing railway lines than those caused by dashing against railway poles and falling within platform gaps.

Activist Samir Zaveri, who himself lost his two legs in a train accident two decades ago, had made a Public Interest Litigation approached the Bombay High Court for better medical facilities at stations forced railways to put ambulances at stations and upgrade medical facilities at stations following court orders. The railways have also set up a medical room at Dadar to give first aid to injured commuters.

Help Not At Hand

Activists across the city have been vying to get ambulances and medical facilities parked at railway stations but the task is far from being done. CST, on its part, has a spot earmarked for an Ambulance at the juncture of its mainline and local services. However, the spot is regularly used to park VIP vehicles of either railway officials or politicians but an ambulance. In the absence of an ambulance in place, it’s a virtual mess for commuters should an accident occur.

An RTI query in this regard could well be in place to figure the capacity and periodicity of ambulances being kept in waiting and in alert at railway stations.

There is a definite need to build enough Foot Over Bridges at stations and more manned railway crossings which lead to awry commuter flow within stations.

Apparently, an application revealed that Kurla and Kalyan on the central route and the stretch between Jogeshwari and Borivali on the Western route are the deadliest zones.

In information sought by Thane district rail passengers’ association president Omprakash Sharma, between January 2009 and August 2011, CR had a fairly high accident rate with 9,661 deaths and 10,981 being injured in rail mishaps on the line. Meanwhile, 1,853 died and 4,325 were injured on the western line in the same period.

Robbed Of Right

Along the Western Railway line, accident spots have remained more or less the same in the last three years, with Bandra and Andheri stations witnessing the highest number of mishaps.

There is another issue though. The police upon finding a bleeding person, records a panchnama of injury. The commuter is usually robbed of his wallet, chain and watch by local goons and the police declare that he is travelling without a ticket, depriving him of any compensation from the tribunal.

There is a near-zero rehabilitation policy for the families of those who have died or been rendered handicapped due to the poor safety standards of the railways. Very often, the victim is the breadwinner and the rail authorities contest thecompensation to be awarded to the family. Rail commuters’ association representatives maintain that it would be worthwhile if the railways award contracts for setting up book stalls or canteens to the next of kin of those who have died due to the negligence of the railways.

Level Mishaps

146 lives in 2006-07 / 148 in 2007-08 / 129 in 2008-09 / 170 in 2009-10 / 124 in 2010-11.

No of people killed in train mishaps

208 registered deaths in 2006-07 / 191 registered deaths in 2007-08 / 209 registered deaths in 2008-09 / 238 registered deaths in 2009-10 / 374 registered deaths in 2010-11.

In the last five years, the total number of persons injured in train accidents was 2,124, out of which, 469 were injured in 2010-11. The number of injured was 402 in 2006-07, 412 in 2007-08, 444 in 2008-09 and 397 in 2009-10

(RTI - Om Prakash Sharma)

‘Manned’ Need

“The number of train accidents and the resulting loss of human lives are on the rise, as revealed by the Railway Board figures. The railway authorities should take precautionary measures, especially at the unmanned level crossings, so precious human lives are not lost,” offered Mr Sharma.

(Readers keen on seeking help on drafting RTI applications may write in to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or call Gajanan Khergamker on 022-22841593 for any assistance on RTI or to have their findings / issue featured on this page)