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- Denis Giles
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I know a girl who spends a lot of her day pulling out tiny hair from the backs of her fingers and scratching her pimples till they bleed and scar. Some humans mutilate themselves by inflicting cuts on their bodies. Not to kill themselves but to cause pain that makes them feel better. Some people chew nails right down to the cuticle and seem to enjoy the ache. Others go and get regular tattoos that hurt a lot. What makes people do this? They give all sorts of fancy names – borderline personality disorder, for instance. The fact is that no one knows what the trigger is.
Do animals do the same? I have adopted a very strange dog who was thrown out of his house because all he did was bite his own body till he got smelly sores. While he has stopped most of it, he does it again when his hair gets long. He pulls the hair out, making whimpering noises of pain- usually when I have visitors. Some years ago, we had a dog who licked and licked his front foot till he had a large wound. Any dressing was quickly bitten off. We had to put an Elizabethan collar round him till the wound healed. Dogs that are tied up in the same place all day are likely to start hurting themselves.
Some owners complain that their cats lick themselves so hard that they get red oozing sores. They do not do it in front of humans, being secret lickers.
Golden Retrievers, Labradors, Alsatians, Great Danes, Dobermans are some of the dogs that also suffer from this: they lick themselves obsessively till they develop sores. Most abused parts of the body are the base and tips of the tail and the legs. This has nothing to do with fungus, fleas or infection. It has no reason. Watch an animal do this and you will see the dazed hypnotized look on its face. Vets have named it Canine Compulsive Disorder.
Turtles do it too, biting at their legs. Snakes chew their tails. Horses bite their flanks violently drawing blood and opening old wounds. This is accompanied with bursts of spinning, kicking and bucking. Zoo animals do it a lot: circling for hours, rubbing their skin to the point of breaking it, banging their heads against walls, picking out hair.
Humans with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) get fixated on cleaning their hands. The same problem is obsessive cats who use their rasping tongues to clean themselves, or as vets call it, overgroom.
Caged birds are the worst. They pull out their feathers from the roots, shrieking with pain but carrying on till the feathers lie in a heap and there is blood on the root shafts.
In nature, grooming each other, monkeys pulling out insects, or simply combing each other’s hair, is done to make each other feel good. Cats and rabbits spend a few hours of each day washing and cleaning themselves. Seals and sea lions comb their own fur. Birds fluff and preen themselves. Snakes finish a meal by wiping their faces on the ground. Humans go to hairdressers and massage parlours to relax. Grooming changes the chemistry of the brain. It releases opiates into the blood, brings down blood pressure, slows breathing. People do lots of small things: twirl hair, twist eyebrows, scratch ears, stroke their own cheeks, bite nails, chew gums, poke noses – anything that relaxes the body. Sometimes these processes are painful – like picking pimples till they burst or scratching scabs before they are dry – but the pain is followed by release. All people do some of these things to maintain an active yet calm state. Self mutilations enlarge this pain-pleasure syndrome. “Q. Why are you doing this? A. Because it feels so good when I stop.” The routines at a beauty parlour are also painful- body waxing, threading, acid peels, electrolysis, lasers, botox injections, facelifts. This is pain for self care. This could tip over into self-harm.
When vets see this syndrome, the good ones ask about the environment of an animal. Acute stress, boredom, isolation are the three main factors. The problem of isolation should be solved immediately. This has an immediate impact on the mutilation. All herd animals like horses get very stressed when alone. The single most common denominator among animals who self harm is isolation. Birds, monkeys, donkeys, horses, rabbits, people and pets are all social creatures. Touch plays a big role in the lives of all of these species and, when left alone, that physical contact disappears and anxiety increases. Preening and self-grooming is one way animals and people cope with anxiety. Self touch is soothing but a poor substitute for contact with others.
The boredom of doing the same thing everyday also leads to this problem. Vets advise enriching the environment and doing more things with the animal. Dogs need to be exercised, both mentally and physically. Parrots are known for over-preening, feather plucking and even picking open their flesh with their beaks. Feather plucking is often a symptom of boredom. Parrots are highly intelligent creatures and with nothing to do but preen, they eventually get overzealous. In Phoenix Zoo when two coyotes were found mutilating themselves, the keepers hid their food on different branches, gave them food to play with and made them forage for their food. Within a week, the mutilation had stopped. Basically the animals need to be excited and distracted into wanting to live.
Stress can come when feeding is erratic or the animal is faced with an ever present danger – birds who are in cages with cats around, wrong temperature, harsh smells, for instance. Emotionally disturbing situations cause self-injurious behaviour, particularly those over which the individual has little or no control, like being locked up alone. The cause of stress must be eliminated. Scientists have noted for years that primates in captive situations are prone to self-mutilation, especially if kept in solitary conditions. Rhesus macaques bite themselves. Primates that are extremely frustrated may also present self-harming behaviours. If the animal cannot escape or attack when something or someone induces fear, it may bite itself in the same spot repeatedly. These injuries will start small and eventually become obvious. Sometimes the animals may even lose limbs because the damage is so severe.
Humans too need stimulation. Boredom, as everyone knows, is the starting point of harm to the individual and all the people around him/her. Isolation for a human is the worst thing you can do because we too are herd animals. A number of self mutilators have been cured by simply getting them pets.
Maneka Gandhi
To join the animal welfare movement contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., www.peopleforanimalsindia.org
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- Denis Giles
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Naisargi Dave is a professor / author in Canada who comes to India once a year. She knows I thirst for unusual books. This year’s treasure trove includes an amazing book called Zoobiquity, written by a medical doctor Barbara Natterson-Horowitz and it talks about the sameness of all species.
One of the things we have in common is a love for intoxication.
Humans throw away their lives, destroy their families, ruin their careers, in search of that which makes them high for a few hours. Cigarettes, alcohol, heroin, crack, opium, glues, cough mixtures, LSD… the list of substances that are smoked, drunk, eaten or injected is endless and no matter what governments do to get rid of the substances and no matter how stringent the laws, lakhs of people carry on abusing their bodies in search of chemical mind altering happiness.
So do animals. Tasmania, in Australia, is one of the leading growers of opium. Wallabies, which look like mini kangaroos, ignore the fencing and strict patrolling to eat the poppy sap. They flail about and some of them pass out and have to be carried away. Wallabies, who are drug addicts, have the staring large eyes of addicts.
Birds eat the Brazilian pepper tree berries and then fly crazily into buildings, killing themselves. In Scandinavia, it is common to see birds eating alcohol filled rowan berries, falling drunk into the snow and freezing to death. Horses that eat fermented apples go equally crazy and harm themselves. The tree shrews of Malaysia’s rain forests prefer the alcoholic nectar of the Bertram palm to food. Pigs that eat pomace, the pulpy mass that remains after apples have been crushed and pressed to extract the juice to make cider, get so drunk they scream and whimper. Squirrels cluster round fermented pumpkins and goats love fermented plums. When the Mahua tree of North India bears fruit, thousands of animals and birds come from far away to gorge themselves on its alcoholic content. In my garden the bees buzz round the bhang plants, forsaking all other flowers.
In India rhesus monkeys that stray into the sugarcane distilleries of Uttar Pradesh, stop eating and drink themselves into a stupor, often electrocuting themselves on the high tension wires. Monkeys drinking alcohol is so old that Aristotle, the Greek philosopher 384 BC – 322 BC, recorded ways to trap wild monkeys by laying out jugs of wine for them to drink and then picking them up when they passed out. In the Caribbean islands the monkeys enter hotel bars and run off with customers’ cocktails.
Some animals, like humans, seek out intoxicants at a great risk to themselves. Bighorn sheep in Canada climb steep cliffs in search of psychotropic lichen. They scrape the stones so hard that their teeth are destroyed.
Cattle and horses that graze in the western United States eat a weed called Locoweed, go weak in the knees, lose their sense of direction and suffer irreversible brain damage, becoming easy prey to predators. Amazingly, one drugged animal makes the others want to start as well, so ranchers have to remove them from the herd immediately before others go seeking the weed. Deer and antelope have the same problem.
Drugs can be found in the strangest places. Cane toads produce a hallucinogenic toxin on their skin. Animals, even dogs, who taste this substance, go after the toads to lick them again and again.
Both animals and humans have the same approach to intoxicants. At first they have an aversion – which is probably overcome with peer encouragement. Then, when they start using the drug, they lose control over their bodies, staggering till they pass out. They both have withdrawal symptoms. Darwin has written about a monkey hangover- “On the following morning they were very cross and dismal; they held their aching heads with both hands and wore a most pitiable expression: when beer or wine was offered them they turned away with disgust, but relished the juice of lemons.” The next step is that they both go actively in search of the drug, forgoing sex, food, water and ignoring children. They beg for more and are prepared to do anything. Animals like humans use more when they are in pain or stressed by their surroundings and – amazingly so- by their subordinate social positions.
Artists and musicians claim to produce much better work when smoking weed. Students take methamphetamines to increase their memories. Likewise, some animals reach their peaks when under the influence. Spiders make much more intricate webs when under the influence of marijuana. Flies become hypersexual.
According to scientists, both human and animal bodies have evolved specialized doorways, called receptors, for drugs. Even fish, amphibians and insects have receptors for opiates. From birds to sea urchins and leeches, the receptors for cannabis exist. So, the urge for outside stimulation exists in all beings.
According to Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist in Washington’s University College of Veterinary Medicine, animals and humans go after drugs to dull the pain that they feel. Not physical pain but sadness; what is known as weltschmerz. Weltschmerz is a German word, meaning world-pain and denotes the kind of feeling experienced by someone who understands that physical reality can never satisfy the demands of the mind. It is used to denote the psychological pain caused by sadness that can occur when realizing the inappropriateness and cruelty of the world and one’s own weakness and inadequate physical and social circumstances. Weltschmerz can cause depression, resignation and escapism.
An animal is as emotionally vulnerable as a human being. The goat is as sad as you are and often puzzled by the pain and cruelty he sees round him. Animals don’t react in ways that communicate pain to humans: they don’t vocalise, except when they really cannot bear any more. They don’t communicate through their facial features. When they are hurt they withdraw. So, most humans believe that the animal they eat, experiment on, enslave and misuse are “biological machines”, creatures that do not feel pain. (Scientists used to think that about babies as well). But all brain imaging now shows that they respond to the same stimulants of pleasure: finding food, playing with friends, escaping to a hideout, interacting with family, bonding with mothers. Conversely they feel depression, fear, grief and anxiety in any survival threatening situation – as we do.
An intoxicant creates the feeling of an immediate benefit. The animal or the human is not required to “work” first to get the reward, to forage, earn, flee, protect, socialise or love. They go straight to reward when the chemical provides a false signal that all is well. An addict lurks in all of us, animal or human. For, all of us are sad and all of us crave reward; food, praise, a pat on the back, a tummy rub. Basically, a temporary good feeling to ward away the permanent unhappiness of life. Man or animal, some of us prefer chemical intoxication to real life.
Maneka Gandhi
To join the animal welfare movement contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., www.peopleforanimalsindia.org
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- Denis Giles
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Last week an 80 year old man in Mumbai was beaten up by three goondas for feeding dogs and cats near his home. The police refused to register a case until my lawyer went to the station. In Thane, the RWA secretary stuffed a puppy’s mouth with cloth and then beat it to death. Many people in the building went to the police with the postmortem report. The police refused to take cognizance until I stepped in. In Delhi a doctor called Kuldeep Tayal in Vasant Kunj sat on an old female dog and stabbed her eyes out with his bunch of keys. The people who went to the police station could not get the police to respond. Again I had to call and he was arrested after weeks of dillydallying. A man keeps 5 dogs in a cage on his roof and breeds and sells them. The neighbours who complain are asked by the police what their locus standi is. In Karnataka a man throws acid on a buffalo for entering his fields. The complainant sits for three hours at the police station before he calls me. A team of animal activists stop a truck in Pune. They are attacked with guns and lathis by the illegal butchers. They call the police frantically. They do not turn up. A college dean in Seoni ties up puppies with barbed wire and throws them outside the campus. Outraged students call the police who ask them to respect their teachers. Then they call me and then he backs down.
The police in India does not understand what the rest of the world’s police forces have understood and acted on. That cruelty to animals is directly linked to cruelty to human beings. In the West they have computers in which any complaints about animal cruelty are directly fed into a crime computer and become part of the record of the human being that has been cruel. The police then keep a special computer watch on this person. In almost every case, the police say, within a few years the same person will come up before the police for beating his family, armed robbery, rape or murder. In India, every time a complainant goes to the police they will respond negatively. None of them know the laws. First they ask the complainant what his/her locus standi is. Then, after they make a written complaint, they refuse to turn it into an FIR. Finally, when the FIR is made, they will take money from the accused and bring in the complainant at odd hours for a ”compromise” – as if it is a personal matter between two people.
The whole country has now understood that unless there is severe police reform, we cannot be protected. The police are the most vicious of all. Half of the people who complain to me and have police dealings say that they will ignore animal cruelty in future because dealing with the police made them sick. Getting them to move on the case took weeks and hundreds of calls. Getting them to move honestly without asking for money is not possible – especially in the case of illegal animal slaughter. In Tamil Nadu, not one case was booked for years – even though 2 lakh cows are jammed into trucks and sent weekly to Kerala. Then, finally with the combination of Chief Minister Dr. Jayalalithaa, an honest DGP and a dynamic Animal Husbandry secretary, Tamil Nadu has suddenly ordered its police to catch illegal trucks. In one night 26 trucks with over 2000 animals were caught. Even then, in one district, the police caught the animals , gave them to a shelter and then arrived at the shelter two days later to threaten the shelter owner into returning the animals to the smugglers. When I complained about the local SP to the DGP, the SP made up a pack of lies that the shelter owner was demanding money to keep them. Finally the shelter owner went to court – and the police opposed her in court, taking the side of the smugglers – and she won the case keeping the animals.
Odisha has a steady traffic of cows to the slaughterhouses of Andhra Pradesh. Any animal activist who tries to stop them is arrested by the police. One was even urinated on. Animal activists lead brave but dangerous lives.
Until now the humble widow on the street who feeds fifteen dogs has been unprotected. When she is recognized as a public servant, then the activist who is trying to save the cows of India will get far more strength.
The first step in giving recognition and protection to people who take care of animals in their colonies has been made by the government. They have started issuing cards called Colony Caretakers to people who look after animals in their areas. These cards will be useful for the police who only back down in front of government might. You can see the forms on the site of the Animal Welfare Board of India (www.awbi.org.) They are easy to fill in. You need to send your photos and some form of ID. If you cannot send this through the Net then you can send them by normal mail to-
The Secretary, ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD OF INDIA, 3/1, Third Seaward Road, Valmiki Nagar, Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai - 600 041.
Thousands of people have responded in the large cities. I am writing this for you today so that you can inform people in smaller towns and villages across India. Let the government also see that animal welfare people run into lakhs and are every bit as determined to do good and to preserve this country’s culture of kindness, as the police and criminals are to destroy it.
Maneka Gandhi
To join the animal welfare movement contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., www.peopleforanimalsindia.org
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- Denis Giles
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I have fainted only once in my life – half way through a normal conversation with friends. My husband was so frightened he called my mother and I woke to find my head on her lap. No one has ever figured out why it happened. I have had one panic attack – in which I simply could not breathe – related to losing my passport abroad just before a flight home!
A faint is caused when the brain is abruptly deprived of oxygen and blood. One reason is physical: when we stand up too fast, for instance. The cause of the emotionally triggered faint has yet to be discovered – men who faint when their wives are delivering a baby, people who received news of death.
Are humans the only species that suffer from such terror that the brain shuts down? No. Animals faint as well. When animals perceive a mortal threat, they are supposed to do two things: fight or run. But they do a third as well: they faint. You know how terror feels: the pounding of the heart, the tightening of the head, the nausea and then the heart suddenly slows down and the blood pressure goes down. The brain shuts the system down by fainting. The same thing happens to the animal.
The slowing of the heart induced by fears has been recorded in hundreds of species: rabbits, fawns, guinea pigs, pigs, monkeys, squirrels, mice, alligators and many kinds of fish. Dogs and cats faint when they are restrained against their will, which is a terrifying situation for many animals. Believe it or not, some pets faint when they see injection needles. Wild animals from chimpanzees to owls faint when they see their blood being drawn. Little birds like canaries, quails and robins faint when held. There is a little goat who, when startled, feels such strong panic that its muscles freeze and it collapses on one side. While young goats keel over, older ones learn to spread their legs or lean against something when startled. This species is now known as the fainting goat. They are raised as pets as they are friendly, intelligent, easy to keep, and amusing. They are also raised for meat and faint all the way to the slaughterhouse. Unfortunately while their fainting causes their muscles to freeze up they remain fully conscious. Every year there is a festival in Tennessee , USA , built around the Fainting Goat , in which they are constantly made to faint to amuse the tourists.
Scientists have said there are two types of fainting: Tonic immobility which is an involuntary reflex action when the muscles freeze up. And Thanatosis in which the animal pretends to play dead. Thanatosis is known as “playing dead” or “playing possum “ - animals take on the appearance of being dead to an observer as a form of defence. The most famous is the Virginia Opossum who will curl up and let the tongue hang out to play dead.
But there is no doubt that both are caused by terror.
The shark may have been painted unfairly to be a threatening creature. In fact it suffers from fainting spells which last upto fifteen minutes. Scientists have experimented that in Tiger sharks, tonic immobility may be achieved by placing one’s hands lightly on the sides of the animal's snout near its eyes. Some fish faint when turned upside down. Predatory fish like Orcas purposely induce tonic immobility in stingrays. They turn themselves upside down before attacking, trap the stingrays in their mouths, then quickly right themselves, flipping the stingray over, inducing tonic immobility and getting an easy meal.
Millipedes and lizards also enter this state of immobilizing paralysis when faced with predators. Stress can occur in the lobster by stroking a particular area of a lobster's shell or holding a hen's head to a line drawn in the dirt. One method of fishing is called 'trout tickling' whereby the fish is rubbed on the underbelly until it faints and can be easily thrown onto the bank.
Hens in cages rather than pens, hens on the top tier of tiered battery cages, hens carried by hand and hens undergoing longer transportation times faint many times in a day. So would you in similar conditions.
The Oscar is an energetic aquarium fish always on the go. But when an oscar gets stressed – for instance from the aquarium being cleaned- they faint . They lose colour, lie on their sides and breathe very slowly. Their fins stop moving. For all intents and purposes they look dead. They come to only when the danger is past.
When fire ants are under attack from neighbouring colonies , experience shows. Days-old workers react to aggression by fainting, weeks-old workers responded by fleeing, and months-old workers responded by fighting back.
What scientists call death feigning or thanatosis could well be a temporary faint.
The opossum may have chosen to faint but it actually is unconscious. The Hog–Nosed Snake rolls onto its back and appears to be dead when threatened by a predator, while a foul-smelling, volatile fluid oozes from its body. Predators, such as cats lose interest in the snake, which looks and smells dead. Newly-hatched young show this behaviour when rats try to eat them. Europe 's grass snake goes limp when it is picked up and stays in character even when it is put down. The wasp and the cricket do the same. And so does the Ragdoll cat. Why do some animals act dead when threatened by a predator? The commonly held belief is that many animals, including snakes, bison, chickens, rabbits, and, of course, opossum, act dead to discourage those who would eat them.
Sometimes a faint helps the animal. A duck pursued by baby foxes faints and is avoided by them. Most animals defecate and urinate when fainting and this smell repulses the predator. A slow heart beat in a terrified fawn prevents it from skittering about and alerting the predator and its stillness sometimes saves it. Female robber-flies, who are sometimes seized by a male with the intent of rape, faint. The male loses interest in a lifeless partner and lets go.
Building a strong intelligent defence is a trait that is fundamental to all species.
Puffing yourself to look bigger, hiding, screaming, running, fighting with every weapon you have are some standard defences. The body has evolved fainting as another.
Maneka Gandhi
To join the animal welfare movement contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., www.peopleforanimalsindia.org
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- Denis Giles
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The Indian camel, the single humped or Dromedary, is the pride of Rajasthan and thousands of poor families are dependant on the camel for their travel across the desert. It lives for 40-50 years. The camel takes 15 months to give birth and it attains maturity after it is 5 years old. It has one child at a time. The young ones are raised by their mother for a period of two years after their birth. They are low maintenance animals, needing dry grass and thorny plants to survive. They can survive in very high temperatures. The thick coat of a camel reflects sunlight and serves as insulation from the heat of the sand.
This animal is disappearing before our eyes. In Rajasthan, the camel has become expensive and rare. The 6 lakh camels have now come down to 2.5 lakh. Within 5 years they will be no more than 5000 camels and these will only be owned by the very rich or the zoos that show rare creatures.
Is the camel being phased out because roads and vehicles have come in? No. As the price of petrol/diesel rises, a large part of the rural population has gone back to buying camels. In some of the more remote villages, camels are still used by the post office for their mail service. Camels pulling carts are used to deliver goods, in banking and to draw water out of deep water wells. Entire families and their household equipment migrate on their backs. It is a common sight to see camel caravans with large bags filled with grasses used for feeding horses, oxen, water buffalo. Tourists say that one of the most enchanting experiences you can have in India is to ride through the desert on a camel’s back and camp out under the stars.
Unfortunately, the price of a camel which used to be only a few thousand has soared – because there are no camels. In 10 years the population has come down to one fourth – only because of its illegal slaughter outside the state. A sturdy male now fetches up to Rs.40,000/-.
The reason for that is simple: it is being smuggled to other states to be killed and eaten. The Raikas, who were the traditional breeders of camels, are now selling them for slaughter.
Five years ago, the rich people of one community decided that during Id, they did not want to kill goats but camels. So camels started being smuggled to Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra and Karnataka. They went through Bihar into Bangladesh .
How is a camel killed during Id. First, one day before, the camel’s front leg is tied so that it cannot run or struggle without falling. Then a knife is taken and words are incised on its back. Its jaw is broken to keep it in pain and docile. Then, the next day the man takes a razor and puts it on a stick. He cuts its throat so that blood comes gushing out. The camel keeps standing till it weakens from loss of blood. It sits down then it lies down. When it lies down, the children looking at it, dance on its stomach and kick it to make it hurry up and die. It takes an hour to die with pools of blood around it. Its head is then cut off and put on a stick and its meat is eaten.
This has been happening during Id. But now, the same community want camel meat all the time. So an illegal market for camel meat has opened in Hyderabad. The Municipality turns a blind eye because it is in the heart of old Hyderabad, a dangerous area that respects no laws.
What is the route? Camels are being sold at weekly bazaars in Rajasthan. The great Pushkar mela , for instance, which used to be a camel celebration is now attended mainly by animal smugglers and butchers. These come pretending to be farmers. Why would a farmer need a camel? Does a camel plough the field? But these so called farmers all come from Baghpat in Uttar Pradesh. The camels are taken by road through Haryana, either walking or crammed into trucks with their legs tied. In Baghpat they are killed and the meat sent to Meerut and Hyderabad . I have just caught 30 in Delhi going to Meerut and 64 in Jhajjar going to Baghpat. The SP of Baghpat told me that he caught camels almost every day until the trade stopped. Then, the day he was posted out, the mafia got to know and the trade started the same day.
Other camels are sent to Bangladesh via Bihar. I have just caught 140 in Katihar and 49 in Araria. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka have forbidden the entry of camels. People were bringing them in, pretending they were coming for joyrides for children.
It is illegal to kill camels. The Kerala High Court has ruled that camels are not meat animals and they cannot be killed and eaten. But the police turn a blind eye to the groups of camels being taken across India .
There is no excuse to take camels out of Rajasthan. They are not farm animals, they do not survive the tarred road, so they are not transport animals. They die very quickly on the beaches and have been forbidden to go there by law. They are only good in the desert where they save lives and homes.
They cannot be killed at Bakr Id because only goats are allowed. After all it is Bakr Id and not Oonth Id. Today it is camels, tomorrow it might become fashionable to kill cows or tigers for this day.
I have written to the Rajasthan Chief Minister to declare the camel the state animal and to ban its sale outside Rajasthan. No camels should be sold at weekly bazaars, and certainly no farmers from Baghpat or anywhere outside Rajasthan should be allowed to buy any.
If this does not happen, say goodbye to this animal, full of temperament and pride and character. It is already on the IUCN Red List of Threatened species. It has become yet another victim to our inability to enforce any laws in India .
Maneka Gandhi
To join the animal welfare movement contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., www.peopleforanimalsindia.org